Globalization nowadays leads to a significant increase in the scale of talent circulation, which affects states and firms providing new challenges in addressing the innovation agenda. In this chapter we discuss how talent inflows and outflows influence the innovation and digitalization capabilities of countries and firms. Specifically, we highlight how a multi-level talent circulation framework may shape an ecosystem for talents to booster innovation activities via talent accumulation for states and organizations. We share our insights into particular areas for governments and firms to gain from talent circulation and to not lose speed on and scope of innovativeness and digitalization.
